William church



2 Sh tSh H. w. CHURCH. BBS

Candlestick.

Patented March '28, 184Q.

N. PETERS. Photo-Lithograph Wal hinmon. D. c.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2r W, CHURCH.

Candlestick.

No 1,528. I Patented March 28, 1840.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM CHURCH, OF BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND.

CANDLESTICK.

Specification of Letters" Patent No. 1,528, dated March as, 1840.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, the undersigned, IVILLIAM CHURCH, a citizen of theUnited State of America, now residing in Birmingham, in the county ofWarwick, England,

'civil engineer, have invented new and useful Improvements in theConstruction of Candlesticks, of which the following is a full and truedescription, reference being had to the drawings hereunto annexed.

These improvements in the construction of candlesticks consist firstlyin a new mode of holding the candle securely in the socket and secondlyin peculiar methods of connecting the parts of a candlestick togetherwithout solder.

The form of the candlestick is not necessarily affected by theadaptation of these improvements; therefore they may be a plied toalmost every shape of candlestic It will however suflice to show them inconnection with some of the usual kinds and forms as from thence it willbe perceived that very slight alterations only may be necessary to adaptthe. same improvements to other kinds and shapes.

The accompanying drawing represents at Figure 1 a vertical section of anordinary table candlestick. 0; a is the socket. Within this is situatean elastic holder 6 b for the end of the candle to be inserted intowhich is formed of a number of spring tongues combined in the mannershown in Fig. 2.

A convenient method of making elastic holders is shown at Fig. 8. Aplate of thin steel (or it may be some other metal) is cut into a starform. Its ends or tongues are then bent up to the shape of the elasticholder represented in Fig. 2, but I do not intend to confine myself tothis particular mode of constructing an elastic holder as it might beformed by springs combined in several other ways. A disk of metal 0 isattached to the base of the elastic holder 6 by means of riveting orotherwise. The edge of this disk is turned down all around as a broadflange which is made to embrace and hold fast one end of a cork to beafterward driven firmly into the shaft of the candlestick as at d d,Fig. 1. By these means the elastic holder 3) is secured in its properplace within the socket. In some instances the cork is dispensed withand the disk and holder fastened to the socket by pins, screws, rivets,or other modes of attachment as shown in Fig. 4, or the elastic holdermay bemade ofa cylindrical form at its lower part and be riveted orotherwise attached immediately to the socket without employing a disk. Ialso sometimes fasten the elastic holder to the top of the socket or tothe nozzle,,s0 as to allow the spring tongues to project above thecandlestick and in some cases I attach the holderby means ofwhat iscalled a bayonet fastening in order that itmay be readily detached ifnecessary] A cup 6 in which the bottom of the candle rests within thespring holder is attached to the top of the rod f constituting what iscommonly called the push up for raising the candle in the socket, andwhich I also employ for expanding the elastic holder when a fresh candleis. to be introduced. Some other forms of candle holder applicable tothe same purpose I shall describe hereafter. The form of Fig. 1 is thatof an ordinary cast metal candlestick in the manufacture of which Ipropose no novelty.

perhaps may be scarcely necessary to observe i that the several parts ofsuch candlesticks when properly shaped are usually connected together atthe junctions by solder or brazing. This improvement, it is therefore tobe observed, is a method or methods of forming such junctions by lockingand bolting the parts together in which I employ a pe-= culiar kind ofbolt, when a bolt is used for attaching the foot to the shaft.

These descriptions of candlesticks as Fig. 4: usually consistprincipally of three parts the nozzle a a, the shaft 1) b, and the foot0 0. The shaft is a cylindrical tube of metal cut to the required lengthand has a flange turned inward at the lower end. This tube is to belaced in suitable tools for the purpose of orming an indentation at theupper end. In order to effect this object I provide a pair ofcylindrical steel dies shown partly in section at Fig. 5. These dies areexactly fitted to the tube and in their upper parts have a circularrecess or groove d d the lower part being formed with a shoulder for theflange of the tube to rest upon. The tube being inserted in the hollowpart of the die A A. The plunger B constituting part of the upper die 0is then introduced and by the pressure exerted from above a por A tionof the tube is forced out into the cir-i a circular aperture in themiddle 'is'fthen placed upon the shaft bearing upon the' boss or bead asshown by dots atd d, and the' plunger B being inserted pressure isexerted by the upper die G onthe topof the tube suflicient to crush itsend outward and bring I the parts together so as to secure the nozzleto} the shaft in the wayshown at Fig. 4. V Although" the principal partsof a" 5 sheet; hand candlestick are usually united by soldering orbrazing the foot is sometimes attached to the shaftor socket in amanner; similar to that shown in Fig.4., wherethe plates or disks e f gare employed in securing the socket-and foot togetherbymeansof the solidbolt 71,; but'as' the solid bolt kprevents the stem of the push up frompass ing through the bottom of the candlestick I employ in lieuthereof atubular rivet or hollow bolt as shown at 7; '5 i 71 Figs. 8, 9, 11 and12, an I sometimes cause the tubular rivet or bolt z z to include theflange of the spring holder and thereby attach it firmly tothe bottom ofthe socket as shown in Figs. 8 and 11. A cork being firmly driven intothe hollow bolt prevents the tallow from 'leakingout when melted and"also provides a convenlent passage for the'stem of the pusher up. Thelower end of the shaft may also be connected to the foot by locking in asimilar manner tothat described for locking the nozzle and sockettogether,' see Fig. 7 wherea cork is also shown through which the stemof the pusher up also passes. This cork is secured in its place by beingforcedfin and then expanding'into a recess formed in the shaft as shownin the figure. The manner of connecting the parts of the candlestick mayhowever be varied without deviating from the above principle of lockingthe junctions, some examples of.

' which are shown in'Figs. 7 8, and 9.

In Fig. 7 the nozzle is formed with an external flange turned downward,which is connectedito the upper part of the shaft dlestick.

similar manner to that described in reference toFigs. 5 and 6. Thenozzles of Figs.

8 and 9 have each an internal flange con- "nected to the upper part ofthe shaft by pressure in like manner In. some instances I attach the endofthe stem of the pusher up to a sliding piece It Fig. 4: situate withinthe shaft and raise or depress the pusher up by a ring Z Z connected toit which slides o'nf'the outside of the shaft; In some cases Iimake thespring candle holder movable as at Fig.9 by attaching it to a slidingstaple 'm imwhich is connected to a ring n n sliding on the outside'iofthe shaft of? the can- Byraising jhe'slliding staple as at 10 the springholder is allowed to expand, when thecandlemaybeintroduced and onpushing it down again as at Fig. 9 the springs are madeto collapse andhold the candle securely. Fig. {11 shows another modification in whichthe arms of the holder are made to collapse within thesocket by slidingdown a ring 20, which is connected to an internal ring or nibs pressingagainst the sides of the springs. And I sometimes construct the holderby attaching three convolute springs to the internal part of the socketand expand them when a candle is to be introduced bymeans of a smallcam'assh'own at Fig. 12 which may be readily turned around by anyconvenient contrivance be- ;low. I would here remark. that I sometimesattach-my candle holderfto a false-nozzle and I would also observe thatthe above described improvements are applicable: to e'veryfdescriptionof candlestick whether made of silver, brass iron, or tin.

Lastly, I desire'it to be understood that I claim as one of the featuresof. this invention of improvements in candlesticksr An elastic holderfor thelcandle connectever formed. t t l Intestimony whereof I, the saidWILLIAM Qed to the socket by whatever means and how- C-HUROH', heretosubscribe by name in the presence of thewitnesse's whose names arehereto subscribedion thisseventeenth day of t V WILLIAM CHURCH;

' Signedin our presence: I V

CHARLES HY- FOSTER, WILLM; B. PLANT.

October, one thousand eight hundred and thirty nine.

